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No Penalty for Concealment Without Inaccurate ITR Details | HC

penalty under section 271(1)(c)

Case Details: Director of Income-tax (International Taxation) vs. Niko Resources Ltd - [2025] 180 taxmann.com 816 (Gujarat)

Judiciary and Counsel Details

  • Bhargav D. Karia & Pranav Trivedi, JJ.
  • Varun K. Patel for the Appellant.
  • B S Soparkar for the Respondent.

Facts of the Case

The assessee-company, incorporated in Canada and engaged in the exploration of natural gas and oil, had entered into a joint venture with a state corporation and executed production sharing contracts with the Government of India for oil and gas fields in Gujarat. For A.Y. 2004-05, it filed a return declaring Nil income processed under section 143(1).

The case was selected for scrutiny and assessment under section 143(3), which determined the total income of about Rs. 180.28 crores after disallowances and initiated penalty proceedings under section 271(1)(c).

In response, the assessee filed an appeal before the CIT(A), wherein the CIT(A) deleted the penalty. Aggrieved by the order, the AO filed an appeal to the Tribunal. The Tribunal also upheld the deletion of the penalty. The matter reached before the High Court

High Court Held

The High Court held that the AO had not made any addition to the income of the assessee under section 143(1) for furnishing inaccurate particulars of income. The AO had made additions to the assessee’s income during the regular assessment proceedings, which were confirmed by the CIT(A). Thus, the additions to the assessee’s income were made under section 143(3).

The additions to the income of the assessee under section 143(3) would not amount to the furnishing of inaccurate particulars of income. Subsequently, the assessee filed an appeal before the Tribunal, which confirmed the additions to the assessee’s income, and the penalty proceedings were initiated accordingly.

The Supreme Court in the case of CIT v. Reliance Petroproducts (P.) Ltd. held that the word ‘particulars’ used in section 271(1)(c) connotes the details of the claim made. The assessee must have furnished inaccurate particulars of his income. Where no information given in the return is found to be incorrect, the assessee cannot be held guilty of furnishing inaccurate particulars.

Since no addition was made under section 143(1) for furnishing inaccurate particulars of income, no penalty could be levied upon the assessee.

List of Cases Reviewed

  • Orders passed by Tribunal in ADIT v. Niko Resources Ltd. [ITA No. 1608 (Ahd) of 2009, dated 25-11-2011]
  • Asstt. DIT v. Niko Resources Ltd. [ITA Nos. 1605 to 1607 (Ahd) of 2009, dated 31-10-2011] [Para 18] Affirmed

List of Cases Referred to

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Prolonged Custody Justifies Bail in GST Evasion Case | HC

GST evasion bail

Case Details: Mukul Sharma vs. Commissioner - [2025] 180 taxmann.com 780 (Allahabad)

Judiciary and Counsel Details

  • Sameer Jain, J.
  • Abhinav GaurAnkit ShuklaArvind SrivastavaMohd. Rashid SiddiquiShodan Singh for the Applicant.
  • Dhananjay Awasthi for the Respondent.

Facts of the Case

The applicant, filed a bail application in a complaint case alleging GST evasion through the use of fake firms and fictitious supplies. The investigation into the matter had concluded, and the complaint had been filed, with the prosecution case relying primarily on documentary evidence. At the time of the application, the applicant had been in custody for approximately one and a half years, while the trial in the court below remained pending. It was submitted that continued incarceration for such a prolonged period was unjustified and contended that, given the completion of investigation and the documentary nature of evidence, bail should be granted. The matter was accordingly placed before the High Court.

High Court Held

The High Court held that although the allegations were serious, the offences were cognizable, non-bailable, triable by a Magistrate, and carried a maximum penalty of five years with fine. The court observed that the applicant had already undergone prolonged incarceration, the investigation had concluded, and the case primarily rested on documentary evidence, indicating that trial would take considerable time. It was further held that the presumption of innocence applied, and bail could not be refused. Accordingly, the bail application of the applicant was allowed under Section 69, read with Section 132 of the CGST Act/Uttar Pradesh GST Act.

List of Cases Referred to

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E-Way Bill Generated After Interception Justifies Seizure | HC

e-way bill generated after interception

Case Details: Birds RO System (P.) Ltd. vs. State of U.P. - [2025] 180 taxmann.com 778 (Allahabad)

Judiciary and Counsel Details

  • Piyush Agrawal, J.
  • Vishnu Kesarwani for the Petitioner.
  • Ravi Shankar Pandey for the Respondent.

Facts of the Case

The petitioner, a GST-registered trader in water purifiers and parts, filed a writ petition challenging the detention, seizure, and penalty proceedings. It was contended that multiple tax invoices had been issued for the consignment, which required the generation of an e-way bill, and that the transporter was instructed not to commence movement until the e-way bill was generated. Despite this instruction, the transporter dispatched the goods in transit, which were intercepted only by the invoices and without the e-way bill. It was submitted that the e-way bill was subsequently generated after interception due to a technical glitch and that there was no intent to evade tax. The matter was accordingly placed before the High Court.

High Court Held

The High Court held that it was not in dispute that the e-way bill was not generated before the commencement of the movement of goods. Since the e-way bill was produced only after interception, the detention, seizure, and order under Section 129(3) of the CGST Act/UP GST Act stood legally justified. The court observed that the plea of a technical glitch or absence of intent to evade tax did not negate the statutory requirement of generating the e-way bill before transit. Accordingly, the writ was dismissed, upholding the jurisdictional officer’s actions.

List of Cases Reviewed

List of Cases Referred to

  • Aysha Builders & Suppliers v. State of U.P. [WRIT TAX No. 2415 of 2024, dated 24-1-2025] (para 6)
  • Mohini Traders v. State of U.P. [2025] 178 taxmann.com 37 (Allahabad) (para 6).

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IFSCA Directs IBUs to Comply With Banking Laws Amendment Act, 2025

Banking Laws Amendment Act

Circular e-File. No. IFSCA-FMPP0BR/35/2025-Banking, Dated 12.12.2025

1. Background

The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) has issued a circular drawing the attention of International Banking Units (IBUs) to a notification issued by the Department of Financial Services (DFS). The notification appoints November 1, 2025 as the date for commencement of certain provisions of the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025.

The circular emphasises that IBUs operating in IFSCs must ensure full compliance with the newly enforced statutory provisions from the notified date.

2. Provisions Coming Into Force

The DFS notification brings into effect the following sections of the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025:

  • Section 10
  • Section 11
  • Section 12
  • Section 13

These provisions amend aspects of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and related banking laws, impacting governance, regulatory oversight, and operational requirements applicable to banking entities.

3. Applicability to International Banking Units

IFSCA has clarified that:

  • The enforcement of the above provisions is equally applicable to IBUs
  • IBUs must review the amended provisions and align their policies, procedures, and governance frameworks accordingly
  • Any operational, compliance, or reporting changes arising from the amendments must be implemented on or before November 1, 2025

4. Legal Authority for the Directions

The circular has been issued under the powers conferred by:

  • The IFSCA Act, 2019, read with
  • The Banking Regulation Act, 1949

This confirms IFSCA’s supervisory jurisdiction over IBUs in respect of compliance with central banking legislation as amended from time to time.

5. Regulatory Intent

The directive aims to:

  • Ensure regulatory uniformity between domestic banking entities and IBUs
  • Facilitate smooth implementation of the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025
  • Strengthen prudential governance and statutory compliance within IFSC banking operations
  • Avoid transitional gaps or non-compliance due to delayed adoption of amended provisions

6. Compliance Takeaways for IBUs

International Banking Units should:

  • Conduct a gap analysis of existing practices vis-à-vis sections 10–13 of the amended Act
  • Update internal policies, SOPs, and governance documents
  • Train compliance and operations teams on the new requirements
  • Ensure readiness for IFSCA supervisory review post-implementation

Failure to comply may attract regulatory observations, directions, or enforcement action under the applicable IFSC regulatory framework.

Click Here To Read The Full Circular

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Cheque Issued for Enforceable Debt – Section 138 Complaint Not Quashed | HC

cheque legally enforceable liability

Case Details: Alok Nanda vs. FIIT JEE Ltd. - [2025] 181 taxmann.com 171 (Delhi)

Judiciary and Counsel Details

  • Neena Bansal Krishna, J.
  • Nidhesh Gupta, Sr. Adv., Sanjeev Kumar BaliyanBikram DwivediAshwani K. DubeyNirbhay SharmaBikram Dwivedi, Advs. for the Petitioner.
  • Pramod Kumar Dubey, Sr. Adv., Rahul GoyalMs Amrita VatsaRupraj BanerjeeSatyam SharmaRaaj Malhotra, Advs. for the Respondent.

Facts of the Case

In the instant case, the complainant filed a complaint before the Trial Court against the accused company and its directors for an offence punishable under section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. According to the complainant, it had granted a loan to the accused, towards repayment of which a cheque was issued. Upon presentation, the cheque was dishonoured.

Thereafter, the Trial Court took cognisance of the matter and directed issuance of summons to the accused company and all its directors, including the petitioner. The Trial Court observed that whether the cheque was dishonoured due to insufficiency of funds, or whether valid defences were available to the accused such as stop payment instructions or breach of obligations under the loan agreement, were matters to be examined during trial and could not be considered at the summoning stage. It was further observed that, prima facie, it could not be said that the cheque in question was not issued towards a legally enforceable liability.

High Court Held

The High Court held that the complaint under section 138 of the Act was not liable to be quashed on these grounds. It further noted that the complaint satisfied the statutory requirements by arraying all the accused directors and officers, with specific averments that they were in charge of and responsible for the day-to-day affairs and decision-making of the company. Accordingly, the Trial Court was justified in issuing summons to all the directors. The High Court therefore dismissed the petition seeking quashing of the complaint.

List of Cases Reviewed

List of Cases Referred to

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Commissioner Cannot Deny Section 264 Relief by Citing SC Pendency | HC

Section 264 revision

Case Details: Shangri-La International Hotel Management Pte. Ltd. vs. Commissioner of Income-tax (International Tax) - [2025] 180 taxmann.com 835 (Delhi)

Judiciary and Counsel Details

  • V. Kameswar Rao & Vinod Kumar, JJ.
  • Manuj SabharwalDevvrat TiwariDrona Negi, Advs. for the Petitioner.
  • Siddhartha Sinha, SSC for the Respondent.

Facts of the Case

The petitioner sought revision of the intimation dated 28-04-2022 issued under section 143(1) for AY 2021-22 by filing an application under section 264, along with a request for a consequential refund and interest under section 244A.

The Revenue agreed that the revision petition was maintainable in light of the Delhi High Court’s rulings in Vijay Gupta v. CIT and EPCOS Electronic Components S.A. v. Union of India. However, it declined to grant relief solely because the jurisdictional High Court’s decision in CIT v. Sheraton International Inc. was still pending before the Supreme Court.

High Court Held

The Delhi High Court held that the Commissioner was not justified in refusing relief. A binding precedent of the jurisdictional High Court cannot be ignored merely because a special leave petition is pending before the Supreme Court. Since the issue had already been conclusively decided in favour of the assessee in Sheraton International and reaffirmed in subsequent judgments, including the assessee’s own earlier cases, the Court set aside the Commissioner’s order.

Accordingly, the assessee’s revision application under section 264 was allowed, and the Commissioner was directed to grant the consequential relief in accordance with law.

List of Cases Reviewed

  • CIT v. Sheraton International Inc. [2009] 178 Taxmann 84 (Del)
  • CIT v. Sheraton International Inc. [decided by this court on ITA 271 of 2023, dated 11-5-2023]
  • CIT v. Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide Inc. 2022:DHC:004730
  • Commissioner of Income Tax – International Taxation v. Shangri-LA International Hotel Management Pte Ltd. [ITAs 532 & 535 of 2023. dated 18-09-2023] (para 6) followed

List of Cases Referred to

  • EPCOS Electronic Components S.A v. Union of India [2019] 107 taxmann.com 227/[2019] 266 Taxman 23 (Delhi) (para 4)
  • Vijay Gupta v. CIT [2016] 68 taxmann.com 131/[2016] 238 Taxman 505/[2016] 386 ITR 643 (Delhi) (para 4)
  • DIT v. Sheraton International Inc. [2009] 313 ITR 267/178 Taxman 84 (Delhi) (para 4)
  • CIT v. Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide Inc. 2022:DHC:004730 (para 6)
  • CIT– International Taxation-3 v. Shangri-LA International Hotel Management Pte Ltd. [IT Appeal No. 532 of 2023, dated 18-9-2023] (para 6)
  • CIT v. Sheraton International Inc. [ITAppeal No. 271 of 2023, dated 11-5-2023] (para 6).

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Auditor’s Observations on Common Non-Compliances in Electronically Maintained Books of Account

non-compliances in electronic books of account

1. Introduction

In the course of audits of companies that maintain their books of account in electronic form, auditors frequently identify certain recurring areas of non-compliance with the requirements prescribed under the Companies Act, 2013 and the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014. These non-compliances generally relate to system configurations, data retention practices, audit trail maintenance and accessibility of electronic records in India. Some of the commonly observed non-compliances by the auditor in relation to maintenance of books of accounts in electronic form are discussed herewith:

2. Failure to Maintain Backup of Books of Account on Server Present in India

2.1 Facts

Nova India Private Limited, hereinafter referred to as “the company” is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nova Systems Inc., a tech solutions provider based in the United States. The Company maintains its books of account entirely in electronic form through an enterprise level accounting software that operates on cloud infrastructure managed by the parent company. Although, the company had its own servers installed at its facility in Bengaluru, the financial data was not being backed up or stored on these India based servers. Instead, the accounting system was configured to sync exclusively with the parent company’s servers located in the United States. As a result, no daily backup of the electronic books of account was maintained on any server physically located in India.

2.2 Relevant Provision

Rule 3(5) Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014

There shall be a proper system for storage, retrieval, display or printout of the electronic records as the Audit Committee, if any, or the Board may deem appropriate and such records shall not be disposed of or rendered unusable, unless permitted by law.

Provided that the back-up of the books of account and other books and papers of the company maintained in electronic mode, including at a place outside India, if any, shall be kept in servers physically located in India on a daily basis.

2.3 Auditor’s Observation

As per Rule 3(5) of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, where a company maintains its books of account in electronic mode, it is required to maintain a daily backup of such electronic records on servers physically located in India, even if the primary books are maintained outside India.

During the audit, it was noted that the company maintains its books of account electronically on cloud servers managed by its parent company in the United States. Although servers are installed in India, no daily backup of the electronic books of account is being stored on these India based servers. Accordingly, the company has not complied with the requirement of maintaining a daily backup of electronic books of account on servers physically located in India, resulting in a non-compliance of statutory requirements.

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[World Tax News] New Zealand Consults on Shareholder Loan Taxation | UAE Issues DMTT Guidance

New Zealand on Shareholder Loan Taxation

Editorial Team  [2025] 181 taxmann.com 368 (Article)

World Tax News provides a weekly snippet of tax news from around the globe. Here is a glimpse of the tax happening in the world this week:

1. New Zealand Begins Consultation on Taxation of Company to Shareholder Loans

New Zealand Inland Revenue has initiated a public consultation on proposed changes to the taxation framework for loans provided by companies to their shareholders. Submissions are open until 5 February 2026.

Key Proposal

Inland Revenue is seeking feedback on measures aimed at improving the tax treatment of new shareholder loans. The central proposal introduces a new time-limit rule, under which certain loans made by a company to its shareholders would be treated as dividends if they are not repaid within 12 months from the end of the income year in which they were issued.

This rule would:

  • Apply only to new loans, excluding all existing shareholder loans; and
  • Apply only where a company’s total lending to shareholders is NZD 50,000 or more.

Further Information

Additional details are available in the following materials:

  • Officials’ issues paper: Improving taxation of loans made by companies to shareholders
  • Information sheet: Improving taxation of loans made by companies to shareholders
  • Inland Revenue media release

Source  Public Consultation

2. Hong Kong Updates List of Qualifying Debt Instruments Eligible for Tax Concessions

The Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department (IRD) has released updated lists of Qualifying Debt Instruments (QDIs) as at 30 September 2025.

The updated lists cover:

  • QDIs issued before 1 April 2018, comprising:
    1. Short- and medium-term QDIs eligible for a 50% Profits Tax concession under section 14A(1) of the Inland Revenue Ordinance; and
    2. Long-term QDIs eligible for Profits Tax exemption under section 26A(1), applicable from the 2003/04 year of assessment.
  • QDIs issued on or after 1 April 2018, which are intended to qualify for Profits Tax exemption under section 14A(1B), effective from the 2018/19 year of assessment.

The QDI lists primarily include debt instruments issued by financial institutions and government entities across the Asia-Pacific region, along with a limited number of other issuers.

Source  List of Qualifying Debt Instruments

Click Here To Read The Full Article

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Indirect Tax Demands for Pre-Resolution Period Unsustainable Once Claims Extinguished by NCLT | HC

pre-resolution tax demands

Case Details: Sical Logistics Ltd. vs. State Tax Officer - [2025] 181 taxmann.com 210 (Gujarat)

Judiciary and Counsel Details

  • Bhargav D. Karia & Pranav Trivedi, JJ.
  • Nitin K Mehta for the Petitioner.
  • Ms Shrunjal Shah, AGP for the Respondent.

Facts of the Case

The petitioner was in the business of warehousing services and providing logistics services, challenged the issuance of demand orders relating to indirect tax dues. It underwent a corporate insolvency resolution process (CIRP), approved by the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT). The approval order expressly recorded the extinction of all indirect tax dues for periods prior to the effective date and prohibited further proceedings for such claims. Despite this, the jurisdictional officer issued notices and passed demand orders, which were unsuccessfully appealed. The matter was accordingly placed before the High Court.

High Court Held

The High Court held that in view of the NCLT approval and the binding effect under Section 31 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, no demands could be raised or continued for periods prior to the effective date. The court observed that claims not forming part of the approved resolution plan stood extinguished, and any proceedings in respect of such claims were impermissible. It interpreted Section 73 of the CGST Act to conclude that the impugned demand orders were unsustainable. Consequently, the writ petition was allowed and the demand orders were quashed.

List of Cases Reviewed

List of Cases Referred to

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Reinstatement Unsustainable as Workman Failed to Prove 240 Days’ Service for Sec. 25F Protection | HC

Section 25F 240 days proof reinstatement

Case Details: State of Gujarat vs. Chaganbhai Bhemabhai Damor - [2025] 181 taxmann.com 69 (HC-Gujarat)

Judiciary and Counsel Details

  • A.S. Supehia & Ms Nisha M. Thakore, JJ.
  • Ms Shruti Dhruve, AGP for the Appellant.
  • Paresh J. Brahmbhatt for the Respondent.

Facts of the Case

In the instant case, the Respondent-workman was engaged on a monthly salary of Rs 1,750 and his services were terminated, which gave rise to reference proceedings. The Labour Court directed the appellant-State to reinstate the respondent-workman in service without back wages by setting aside his termination.

The Single Judge, by the impugned order, confirmed the award of the Labour Court. Thereafter, an appeal was made before the High Court.

The appellant contended that the Labour Court, as well as the Single Judge, had fallen into error in directing the reinstatement of the respondent by holding termination as illegal and in violation of the provisions of section 25F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

It was noted that the workman had not produced any documentary evidence or oral evidence in the form of his colleagues engaged at that time or any contemporaneous record to prove that he was actually engaged for more than 240 days in a year. Further, the workman had also not taken any plea of suppression of the muster roll.

On the other hand, the appellant department had categorically contended that, except for the period of 179 days, the workman was never engaged by them.

High Court Held

The High Court held that since the workman had miserably failed to establish that he was engaged for more than 240 days in a year, the Labour Court had fallen in gross error in directing the reinstatement of the respondent workman. Thus, the impugned order passed by the Single Judge was to be quashed and set aside.

List of Cases Referred to

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